Given the critical regard the Yorb have for personal names and naming, encapsulated in ork m ni jnu m (the name of a child is the child's rein), what kind of cultural reorientation could account for this adoption? RELATED: Elden Ring: The 10 Best Sorceries, Ranked. Yet, where the Yorb say we lin r, the Igbo say the proverb is the palm oil with which the yam is eaten (Achebe Reference Achebe1958). As the main goal of a.se is comprehensive control, one way of understanding the content of these incantations is to regard them as invocations designed to operate at both the physical and spiritual levels of existence. 4] on a table at Dawnseeker Promontory on the Isle of Thunder Yorb Lessons with Adrnk You compose and speak in the way you know how to She was living with my sister before she died a few months ago and my sister has concerns of witchcraft as the picture was just found What passes for Yoruba traditional medicine includes. I therefore do no more than raise questions to which later inquiry may offer answers. When incantations are said, they buttress/strengthen/deepen the following wish.Of: An Introduction to Incantations: https://youtu.be/0yf4HbMWYcAThank you for watching, and for your support. 37 Translated from Wol oyinka's English original Death and the King's Horseman (Reference oyinka1975). 2. " Source: Drewal and Mason (Reference Drewal and Mason1998: 223). Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Search: Powerful Yoruba Incantations. An "Ongn" refers to a herbalist, an "Olgn" is one of several terms for a medical practitioner, and a "Babalwo" is a priest/priestess. Incantations are used when the act of wishing is being carried out; a wish may be positive, negative or both. See also Bowen's (Reference Bowen1858) dictionary. They do not imply a challenge to intellectual property/ownership. When used, the person under the spell doesn't really know what he is doing. This straddles the frontiers of Nigeria and the Republic of Benin, and the Btonu turned it into the orta for all the cultures of the sub-region bounded by the southward sweep of the River Niger from its deepest penetration into the Sahelian region.Footnote 4 This has given rise to many consequences addressed by scholars since Parakou and Nikki. Therefore, like other rule-governed language gestures, it, too, offers limited insight into our past. The separate primordial ritual function of the horse's tail further underscores our conclusion that the horse must be present in the deep and remote history of Yorb tradition and culture, and is less likely to have arrived with more recent migration, or with the military adventurism of jihadists.Footnote 34. Furthermore, the yturuyturu motion of the babalwos rkr is not a ritual motion; rather, it is a symbolic gesture, imbued with power, made by someone who is privy to the mystery of If to another, from babalwo to clients for . Some plants are to be gathered at certain times of the day or night. What Will Be The First Letter Of Your Future Husband/Wife? However, if they become too powerful in the body, they must be controlled, killed or driven out with bitter-tasting plants contained in medicines. Most men use it to woo a lady they really like but know she won't agree to have arelationship with them. Certainly, the picture in Igbo discourse imbues the oil in the yam, to make the eating experience extraordinary. The term yak (arguably derived from the noun phrase y k; literally, mother of husband) refers to a verbal play or joust between a woman married into a family, on the one hand, and, on the other, the siblings of her husband or the children of other wives in the household who precede the woman in their residence in the household. How do we identify strands of our adopted essence that link Borgu with the Persian Kisra, the Yorb with Lmrdu (Nimrod), and the Mandinka Sundjata with Bial, an illustrious associate and fellow Semite of Muhammad, Peace be unto Him? 13 I hasten to add that, in this study, I am merely calling attention to areas in which to look for corroborations of any and all theories of origin of both the Btonu and the Yorb peoples, because much of the present data come from only one of the two, adducing references to studies to which greater and more assiduous access would certainly be of benefit. !What is incantation in Bible? Of the three terms, only jnu is morphemically analysable in Yorb; the remaining two are arguably loan words. who is the best traditional healer in south africa. They allow, by their formulation and by the rules that govern their use, a tightening of the links that need it most. Aucune donne plausible ne permet de suggrer que les Yorb et les Btonu ne sont pas des populations autochtones des territoires identifis comme leurs foyers nationaux au sud et l'ouest de la confluence du fleuve Niger et de la rivire Benue. He writes, on the basis of a careful consideration of the evidence: More generally, the great diversity of West African equine vocabulary with its large number of apparently unrelated roots, tends to suggest that the spread of the horses within West Africa took place in relatively remote times. It is, therefore, important that the horse again features literally and figuratively not only in citations of the mighty and the lowly among human beings in society, but also in citations of all remarkable objects of human experience, including elements of thoughts. Other Yoruba charms are:Aluwo, Egbe, Gbekude, AfeeriRead more here. bouquinistes restaurant paris; private client direct jp morgan; show-off crossword clue 6 letters; thermage near illinois; 2012 kia sportage camshaft position sensor location Feature Flags: { . 39 See also Akntnd Aknym (Reference Aknym2015). Figure 1b The ba of Baporo sits in state with adl and beaded fly whisk during the gn Ogenegene festival, jbu-Yorb. Hadith of River Euphrates expalination about Gold mountain by Sheikh Imran Hoseinriver Farat. ).Footnote 11. This prophecy is a critical prophecy, as the war that is predicted is closely linked to the coming of the Mahdi. The African culture is so fascinating and interesting although many view it as being backward and uncivilized. (Schottman Reference Schottman1993: 539), The use of a proverbial dog's name to communicate with a neighbor is a strategy which, although doubly indirect, remains rather transparent. Incantations are a powerful tool with their own clear niches distinct from the more damage-focused . Similarly, some momentous occasions even demanded human sacrifices in the Yorb past. In the Yorb language, the nominalized predicate tj (=t-oj, from the nominalizer prefix +predicate t [push down]+oj [eye]) has exactly the same double meaning. This confirms that the ba's rkr (even that of Lbn, a woman ba) is made from the mane of rams. Has data issue: true It was divined for knkdk [sweet potato] who is the king of yams, And the horsetail who was the child of Olkun nad [Creator God], It was predicted that by the time the horsetail had become famous and prosperous, We respect the horsetail in admirationFootnote 32. Types and forms of Yoruba incantations. Figure 1d Chief S. L. Omiad, the balf (rnt or ni de, prime minister equivalent of If). Source: Abdn (Reference Abdn2014: 110). xo. 21 It may be rewarding to read Schottman's two articles Proverbial dog names of the Baatombu (Reference Schottman1993) and Baatnu personal names from birth to death (Reference Schottman2000) together. Ork has a primordial status among Yorb verbal arts. But in twelve days, The Father returns to Olympus Footnote 1. sm. 18 See Bintou Day, Festival sinankunya by Santos: a use of sources, Malisnews.com, 7 April 2016. It is not kept in the house but far away in the bush and its consulted only once in a while. This type of practise is concerned with the elimination of symptoms. Spellcaster Maxim Review Does Spell Caster Really Work? which type of device filtering can be enabled on some wireless access points or wireless routers. Spells Spell is a set of powerful words, spoken or unspoken which are considered by its user to evoke mighty magickal effect on the target. In addition, there are purely descriptive names that relate to the colour of the dog's coat: afn (one that is white/blond) and ad (one that is black). When incantations are said, they buttress/strengthen/deepen the following wish.Thank you for watching; I appreciate your support. The dog serves many purposes in the Yorb homestead. They, too, are therefore symbols. And, in what form could each or both of them have encountered the creature for the first time? In his piece on "Yorb Culture" Kola Abimbola stipulates that in order to achieve a holistic healing through Yorb medicine, some certain conditions must hold. The data below would imply a conspiracy hypothesis, which posits an improbable assembly of sages of a given generation among both peoples agreeing on a list of selective adaptations within a given time frame. 14 The b list provided by lby Yai (oral and personal communication) corresponds to Palau Marts (Reference Palau Mart1992: 105), and the Bariba (Borgu) list from Palau Marts informateurs Bariba agrees with Schottman's (Reference Schottmann.d. It is perhaps not farfetched to attribute such a pattern of borrowing to an association that cannot be recent (post-fourteenth century). Notice that not all presumed sons of Odduw, the presumed initiator of the political role of ba, use the ram-mane rkr for gestures. Related ethnic groups include the Bariba. The river divides the Toros Mountains, then passes through Syria in the City of Jarablus, passes through Iraq in the City of al-Bukmal, and meets the Tigris River at al-Qurnah which empties into the Arabian Gulf. And this "snyn/sn," or 'the whispering genie,' is deemed one of the most important rs in Yoruba medicine. Most medicinal incantations use a form of word-play, similar to punning, to evoke the properties of the plants implied by the name of the plant.[3]. Just look for Brother Corhyn. Not so the other two sets: ks and gr. We have more. Yoruba Language. The rkr from the horse's tail is most suitable for ritual performance purposes, but is unsuitable for babalwo to acknowledge one another at solemn moments, or for dispensing and/or asserting the or effective power, which they alone may deploy during the process of divination. (Law Reference Law1980). The argument dating the horseYorb contact to the Islamic period puts a great deal of weight on the presumed intense trauma and/or triumph of military escapades and adventures. Click on Playback speed: the slowest is 0.25 and the highest is 2. These are Ofo (word), ayajo (Precedents) and Ogede (statements or promises). Construed from the applied science lens, I reimagine charms and amulets as cultural practices with . How Can a Love Spell Caster Create White Magic Love Spells for You? How many millennia did it take to engender the culture of the Btonu, a people whose once robust population has declined to no more than 400,000 within Nigeria, but that still straddles the BeninNigeria border? Source: The Btonu data come from Sans (Reference Sansn.d. Table 9 The presence of the horse in Yorb we. The fundamental question is the following: when did each or both of the peoples know about horses? The time has come to turn to accessible phenomena and institutions in order to recover the crucial sense of our past; to reassess our present reality; and to chart our path to the future. There's always something to worry about - do you know what it is? The Book of Abramelin the Mage was written as an epistolary novel or autobiography of a person known as Abraham of Worms. I have no doubt that data from a more systematic inquiry will make us marvel at how a contact purportedly limited to less than eight centuries and based solely on the military use of the horse could have penetrated as deeply into the sinews of Yorb customs and their world view as these expressions, usages and institutional contexts indicate. But the reality is: There has been no mountain of gold found, but only a little bit of gold. According to Olorishas, she is the amniotic fluid in the womb of the pregnant woman, as well as, the breasts which nurture. . These would have been worn around the neck like the linked edan of gb elders. By extrapolation, therefore, it may be suggested that the ba's rkr and its use are based on older antecedents: the former on the vehicle the tail of the horse as diminutive r; the latter on the function of rkr in the hand of babalwo. First, the basis of naming in Yorb implied by the we (ynkl l w, k t s m lrk or it is the backyard we must look to first, before giving a child a name) appears to be common to both peoples and cultures. The answer we proffer will determine the extent to which we assume responsibility for our existential reality: who we believe we are; who we accept as neighbours to whom we owe a duty of care; what fate has thrown us together; and how the resulting interpenetration has remade us before and since the Berlin Conference of 188485. I present only two areas here: anthroponyms of twins and birth order terms; and dog names. Furthermore, in putting a value on If objects, beaded rkr (1,200 cowries) ranks after only gr (at 3,200 cowries) and rk, the usually ornately adorned ivory tapper used to invoke rnml at the start of a consultation. Il-If). How do we test these received myths for validity? Notice that the sixth male child in Borgu has an order of birth name Woru meru, but no corresponding sixth name in b, even though the Borgu one is the first name modified by a determinant. hasContentIssue true, The horse in Yorb discourse and material culture, The horse and rider predicate in personal names and naming, The horse in other spheres of Yorb life, Copyright International African Institute 2018. My apologies if any creative is offended by the use of their work prior to express permission granting.R E S P E C TYour participation on this platform is allowed, encouraged, and highly appreciated, as long as you warrant that you will not post any messages that are harmful to young people (especially children), disrespectful, actively or passively aggressive, hateful, hurtful, racist, deliberately offensive, homophobic, threatening, defamatory, damaging or otherwise violative of any laws. Why are people always interfering in my relationship? This suggests that in, too, ought to be counted among the items of primordial significance to the people and its culture. In this regard, contrary to Sans's notion of simplicity, which favours the subtractive tnannsr, the longer ynd+k+nb+k+ta is both analysable and more generalizable, as shown in Table 1. Equally intriguing is the appearance of representations in If objects, along with linguistic expressions codifying the significance of such appearances. Al-A'raj narrated from Abii Huraira that the Prophet () said the same but he said, "It (Euphrates) will uncover a mountain of gold (under it). What's the difference between white magic and black magic? Those engaging in the joust are said to j yak literally, to eat yak, as glossed above. 2 Virgil, Aeneas IV in Mack (Reference Mack1995). Thetis, the sea nymph to Achilles, her son by Peleus: Only yesterday Zeus went off to the Ocean River. Linguistic processes and rules of grammar to the extent that they, too, are definable are also arbitrary. They should hold traces of our antecedents. It calls into question the paradigmatic position taken over the years by scholars, both indigenous and foreign, that the people of West Africa, including the Yorb, migrated to their present location from the Middle East, from Egypt, or from somewhere in the Horn of Africa. Again, one suspects that conclusions from these lines of inquiry would suggest a probable time of contact that pre-dates the fourteenth-century migration hypothesis. The names of birth rank that have been commented upon represent a loan to Bk and Borgou; they exist in b but are totally unknown in any other Yorbphone group. The household is understood in a similar way. what happens when you eat pork while using isiwasho. We may assume, however, that this line of reasoning will end in a historical cul-de-sac, since it is not inconceivable that the irretrievable desiccation of the Sahara desert post-dated Hannibal,Footnote 7 so that the land or lands that supplied him with elephants lay accessible to Carthage from the south. 20 I acknowledge here the suggestion by a reviewer of this study not to leave the Btonu dog story either to the reader's imagination or to a possible future investigator whose interest may have nothing to do with compelling history and historians to be searching, explanatory and plausible. Most armed robbers make use of this to make their victims afraid of them. When we turn to perhaps the most enduring codification of the people's historical experience distilled into communicable minuscule details with the force of each Od If, we find ourselves called upon to exercise the utmost intellectual responsibility before reaching any conclusion. Apart from names of children born with peculiar presentations through the uterine passage for example, g, foot-first orientation or with unusual physical features such as extra digits (olgbdi) or with locks of hair (dda), most Yorb names are either whole clauses or, as a minimum, simplex predicates. Taking into account one's body, mind, emotions, and spiritual life, holistic health combines the best of modern diagnosis and monitoring techniques with both ancient and innovative health methods. (Schottman Reference Schottman1993: 545), Table 5 provides gnomic expressions that recall the Yorb instances of dog names in Table 4.Footnote 24. Which lottery is the easiest to win in South Africa? This means 'to speak and it happens'. Literarily Mother Fish is held by Yoruba traditionalists as Mother of Waters, Nurturer of Water Resources. Efun Native Chalk Medicine Preparation, Benin City, Nigeria They are strictly intended for entertainment-related, educational and historical purposes. Do Btonu have a similar system? The pre-eminence of representations of the horse in modern Yorb visual art defies explanation, if we assume that contact with the horse occurred as late as the ninth century CE. Consider that when an ork line says gn b r in (He/she is comely and trim like the tail of a horse), it can never be said of the person gn b rkr in. In a similar fashion, terms for body parts are used metaphorically to codify notions of location: for example, nu un n, mouth of pathway, for entrance (Yorb: nu or mouth); etd, river ear, for river bank (Yorb: et or ear); yn la, back of tomorrow, for future. [2], As well as using bitter plants to kill germs and worms, Yorb herbalists also use incantation (f) in medicines to bring good luck (wre), for example, to bring money or love. Always make your living doing something you enjoy. 3 Plural Baatombu; also referred to as Bariba; listed as related to Yorb. The river is also most important because it holds the sign of Qiyamah, Almighty Allahs final assessment of humanity. Good wishes are often referred to as prayers/blessings, and negative wishes are often regarded as curses. For an appreciation of the non-trivial structure, meaning and function of l pam, Yai (Reference Yai and Oylrn1978) is particularly useful.Footnote 39. . The term 'crossroads', most commonly used to gloss the Yorb lexical item orta, does not adequately convey its meaning.In addition to any number of access ways and paths converging into orta, orta serves, in its own right, as a veritable arena of encounter, an arena of contact among beings, and for the exchange of goods and values. 6 The term contact will serve us in this study to refer to the encounter with both the Islamic and the Christianized Western European worlds. Total loading time: 0 Orta, it bears repeating, is not a point; it has dimensions; it is a space, an arena defined by encounters and exchanges. Hostname: page-component-7f44ffd566-xg26j Other references suggest further that both the horse and the reading of rkr as the tail of the horse may be primordial in the If tradition. Yorb medicine, or egbogi, is an African system of herbalism practiced primarily in West Africa and the Caribbean. Again, the relative antiquity of the institution of ba in its y form, and of the office of the Olkn in in particular, interests us here. What can we deduce from the data in Table 1? 9 Notice that Sans omits to state that this term is derived from a sequence of formatives, the last of which is, without doubt, r, two. This makes plausible the recoverability of the reference, when, due to human foible, the discourse which we innervates with force miscarries. This would appear to suggest that Borgu does not share a micro-linguistic codification for the horse (as in Table 6) and the animal's tradition with Mande or with the Kwa-speaking peoples whose territories are found on the Atlantic Ocean coast in West Africa. The passages at the beginning of this article offer us a compelling reason. Palau Mart says the following about the b lists in Table 2: Les noms de rang de naissance qui viennent dtre comments reprsentent un emprunt au Bk et au Borgou, ils existent b mais sont totalement inconnus de tout autre groupe yoroubaphone. The existence of the Euphrates Tunnel has not been confirmed. These are Ofo. Homeopathic medicine is said to be more concerned with identifying the causes of the illness and disease in an effort to restore holistic balance in the biological system. [1], Inmedieval literature,folklore,fairy tales, and modernfantasyfiction, enchantments are charms or spells. If it really happens, then i will believe in. 34 r in, tail of a horse, features in Yorb funeral rituals, but not the rkr of an ba or of a babalwo. The bridle, spur and saddle are basic to horsemanship, including the military use of the horse. Let us now interrogate macro-linguistic elements for an insight into what may lead us into the choppy waters of a plausible external history of our two peoples. It appears, however, that Btonu gives primacy to addition anchored on base five. At this point, it is best to leave a logical pursuit of this argument to poetic imagination, which favours assigning a remote antiquity beyond any Middle Eastern contact to the Yorb consciousness and epistemology. Associated with Virility, Masculinity, Fire, Lightning, Stones, Protector/Warrior, Magnetism. For instance, the divinatory tray, pn If, has four major quadrants. For instance, instead of deriving twenty-six through the process of addition, the language may as well prefer a simpler method in which four is subtracted from thirty (the next number base).. View all Google Scholar citations 12 I rely on Palau Mart (Reference Palau Mart1992) and personal oral communication with lby Yai for b data. Their origin, too, may lie in the lap of If. One of the areal semiotic features of the NigerCongo cultures (read languages) is the use of kinship terms to refer to the notion of constituency. (a) Lbn (or lbn) of Od (also called ba obnrin). Figure 1c rkr lk (paired beaded fly whisk). An ofo is marked by terseness. What do you call someone who does voodoo? In Africa there are so many herbs and plants that can be used in healing, that only someone with a "trained eye" can take full advantage of their functions. By the same token, we should understand that the application of the term rkr to the tail of a horse must have arisen from a sociolinguistic back-formation. Figure 1d Chief S. L. Omiad, the balf (rnt or ni de, prime minister equivalent of If). As agents of disease overflow their bag, menstrual blood the female body, and palm oil the cooking pot, so women in the marital household tend to overflow and return to their natal homes. "Every ritual is to help you connect to the ancestors like vodou, activating your ancestral memory. and glosses it as thirty four less (i.e. In both we and metaphors, the remaining two entries have more mundane semantically simplex connotations. Often ill-translated as "The Devil" or "The Evil Being", s is neither of these but best referred to as "The Trickster" dealing a hand of misfortune to those that do not tribute or deemed to be constantly "unaware" of their surroundings. Account Name: The Refuge BSB: 704922. This is believed to be a powerful spirit that picks whatever is said and makes it . Existence, according to Yoruba thought, is dependent upon it. If the order of birth names have other referential meanings in Btonu, as Schottman (Reference Schottmann.d.) Search: Powerful Yoruba Incantations. They are strictly intended for entertainment-related, educational and historical purposes. Would the resulting timeline challenge the validity of the putative date of the Persian origin of the Btonu people and culture, or of the Semitic provenance of the Yorb people and culture? 8 Sns offers this formative on page 14 of his typescript (Reference Sansn.d.) Law finds that the Borgu term for horse, duma, is cognate only to the Gurma term ontamu. They are critical in the way they relate to modern western medicine. Even with this difference, how do we explain the b accommodation with Borgu? : 449) describes gr If as follows: The figures in the sculpture of gr are ordinary men responding humanly and naturally to the success of their supplication. Even where power and authority are concerned, the horse we empowers both the source of the information and the people as the ultimate fountainhead of authority, as the phrases below suggest: in ppr k mn ju ni t gn n l, a straw horse does not know the road better than its rider, ni t gbni gin ln k spk lk, the person who puts one on the mount gives one the authority to act the role. Whereas the horse does not feature among the animals represented on pn If, Abidn (ibid. This is an introduction to incantations: what an incantation is, how it is used, and its significance to wish-making, especially among the Yorb people.Than. In the Bariba kinship system, the relationship between nephew and maternal uncle is valued, and the nephew can appropriate his uncle's property.Footnote 16. It is more likely to be the case that the treasure mentioned in the hadith of Thawbaan (may Allah be pleased with him) is the treasure that will be uncovered when the water level of the Euphrates drops, or it may be something else. Ashe-Power: is an African philosophical concept through which the power to make things happen and produce change. Required fields are marked *. A charm used in frightening an adversary or an antagonist in a place of work, school e.t.c or is there anyone you want to take advantage of that you want him/her to keep mute while you express your opinion and explore every good things to your advantage. If anything, the force of the dictum we lin r derives, to all intents and purposes, from the indigenous antecedents gn r and lgn r. It causes overwhelming fear unreasonably to human and animals.