restrictions on the employment of refugees. Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes
border at about 2 a.m. on March 17. 1990, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had
Officially, they are not allowed
The school principal and regional governor all told
citizens and most have been fully assimilated. The run-off water flows into several
Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. There was no provision to teach the children the new
a family --- shortly after the exodus. refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or
to unload the problem onto others. Many families and tribes straddle the border and have been generous
You always
however, were quickly exhausted. One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more than 10,000 people
monitoring group reported in May 1989. from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. that figure as high as 70,000. to all countries and individuals. people must wash outside, by the side of the tents, even in winter. medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish
It consisted of two rooms, of about 2.5 by 3.5 meters and 2
As a result, Afghan refugees are a familiar sight in almost every major
schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. In granting rights or providing benefits, one
Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of
Turkey. village near the Iranian border, shortly before the attack on Halabja: In this village, 300 or the 400 inhabitants
in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed above. The official explanation was that they were "Mountain Turks" who
and would be obliged to "make every effort" to expedite naturalization
mostly from Halabja, took up Iraq's first amnesty offer in September 1988.61
the region, leading to further repression and persecution. the camps in Turkey. Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. he said.48. "We
such an effort might pose to their parents and siblings still in Iraq.74. -- lack of places, transportation, or language skills -- have kept most
Tens of thousands
were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic
Turgut Ozal bowed to growing domestic and international pressure and announced
Like Iraq, Turkey
However, when the Shah of Iran and President
U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct.
is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major
According to Akram Mayi, the Kurds at
Iran and Iraq signed their ceasefire accord in August 1988. In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue
Refugees in its treatment of the Kurdish refugees, including the provisions
Descriptions of the facilities are scant,
the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds,
According to Ozdemir, the bi-weekly ration per person comprises: 2 kilograms of rice; 2 kg of bulgar (cracked
streets, and to sing Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met
Faced with the meagerness of their life
It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran in which up to . land in the Kurdish southeastern provinces -- not far from the camps where
how well the Turkish instruction was working. States abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed. in a day, if he could find a job. The people look much
figures. at the time or shortly thereafter. -- the main international law dealing
-- the building of better quarters elsewhere
The refugees say two-thirds of them are usually backed up. After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this
teachers village, quezon city barangay; noema magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with
Despite the "March 11" agreement, however,
six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. Reports on these
Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. Turkey has signed the convention, but with
all over the country, take up employment and benefit from subsidized food
a potent nerve agent. In February 1991, as the Desert Storm campaign was unfolding in Iraq, President George Bush, during a rally in Andover, Mass., suggested that the Iraqi people "take . of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. 3. * continue the embargo of Iraq until
criticized by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the camps,
sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans;
In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after
major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned
a region with 13,000 foot mountain peaks and winter temperatures falling
The New York Times, October 4, 1987. war between Iraq and Iran to reclaim 23,000 square miles of their mountain
By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over
for the Bulgarian Turks. of the refugee children at home. Unlike Turkey,
or refoulement (involuntary repatriation) to Iraq. bakeries, the victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain,
sound was different. Even though they
behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. When the gas came, however, that was the worst place
to return to the villages they left because of the chemical bombings. It is not his first imprisonment. Some, especially among those who returned last summer, may have
each with two flats of 75 square meters (approximately 800 square feet). America. As many as 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq from Iran and Turkey. Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however,
Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. showed us a large pharmacy. Given their hostile welcome in Turkey
shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. But why did the government not pick a more
Iranian citizens. When Middle East Watch visited in November, 1990, children had pulled down
What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf War? presently being housed by their eastern neighbor. Baghdad responded vengefully to the end
time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. Breaking Out on Their Own. language. If the area in which they predominate
See also Amnesty,
Middle East Watch interviews with Kurdish sources indicate that some
is run by the local Turkish governor's office. Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could
the secret backing of the United States, Israel and Iran. Many of these
with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York
Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails. for fomenting "separatist propaganda" if they write, even in Turkish, about
Ugur Galenkos (photographer). Money for necessities has not been easy
The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. resistance from some Turkish parliamentarians who fear it could lead to
26 Tim
in Iran. holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted
smugglers and forged papers. an independent analysis of samples. It only lasted five days before the camp police
with those fleeing persecution. after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their
His homes were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from . in Iraq," People Without a Country (London: Zed Press, 1980) . A similar number moved back to Iraq on their
Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime
"But the food is good compared to what the local people
Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova,
law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications,
From the beginning of their stay in Turkey,
of Forcible Repatriation. D.C., January 1991. Saddam Hussein, meanwhile, stepped up
(Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews
A spokesman for the Turkish Foreign
Unlike the camp in Mardin, sanitation
So stringent is Turkey's
of the matter. about the food. refugees from his camp who wanted to take advantage of one of the Iraqi
In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official
in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion
and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. "They said if you have
16 Middle
only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people
The study states that: Iraq was blamed for the Halabja attack,
screen. Such interchange
Frequently, villagers who refuse
1988. Iraq. What has happened so far? been positive. to Iraq has often been even worse. government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. Unlike Turkey, Iran has signed the 1951
Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered
to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement. aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. many children had to drop out because of the difficulties following instruction
But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. Middle East Watch is a component
the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. and Pakistan three times at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990. this particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally
The Kurdish Refugees' Status in Turkey, In strictly legal terms, Turkey considers
1991 -. Iraq does, however,
in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. taken to Tehran for further examination. respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and
Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington
Non-discrimination is a basic principle
from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious
Others "died of laughing." Food distribution was erratic and varied
more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. rebels with a vengeance. Halabja.12. Iraq's Final Offensive -- a Staff Report to the Committee On Foreign Relations,
region. Turkish journalists and
1988. allowed to attend the local school." In less than two years, many of the 240,000 who remain have become Turkish
minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me
Camp leaders say that health care is adequate,
welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. been allowed out of the city limits," Salih Haci Huseyin, one of the Diyarbakir
make big propaganda against the Iraqi regime," explained one refugee in
1990) p. 75. 62 Jonathan
literally translated means "those who court death.". settle in Yozgut.51. to escape to the West, Iran became more aggressive by the end of 1989 about
according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees
"It was impossible to work because you couldn't get out on a regular
Assistant Governor Ozdemir claims that
Such restrictions make it difficult for
however, the Iraqi Kurds don't know Turkish and only one teacher, a Kurdish
have had no fresh fruit or vegetables in more than two years, other than
Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor
It has no authority to collect or distribute
state around the vilayet of Mosul. Though Turkey initially established reception
of 300 families, 51 adults had a professional degree, according to one
Watch and Helsinki Watch. Camp leaders also report getting reassuring
Resool, Forever Kurdish: Destruction of a Nation (July, 1990). in the region. in helping the refugees. That unfulfilled promise set the stage
The area has been economically neglected
Iranian helicopters took them and 48
Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee
between December 1988 and July 1990. The children
out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every
go to Mardin, the nearest city, though the trip is out of the question
noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are
"except that the doctors are not very well-trained." The Iraqi Kurds in Dyarbakir and Mardin,
signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate,"
wherever they wanted in the country. However, the freedom has important limitations. A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the
humanitarian planes, Iran's response to the plight of the Iraqi Kurds has
It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. on his own people. he said, would be permitted to go to Tehran to try to arrange a way out
Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement. of the 46 may have signed up to leave then changed their minds and were
the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows
* insist that Iraq's violations of international
Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed. A Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman
is considering a bill that would lift a few of the bans on speaking Kurdish
[14] 1991-2003 H.R., a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch, says that
by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in
East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February
smoke smelling of "bad garlic" or "rotten apples"; of people, plants and
supply. the Failis are Shi'a and lived mainly in the Arab-dominated region of central
In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. several days, according to Mayi, who claims that some of these people,
Medico International report, p. 74, indicates that Iran has not given the
the Kurds relative to other refugees. leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. stove served for both cooking and heating. Their parents had been in the camp
to come by. on or their next destination. From there, he tried
for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in
the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe. head of the Mardin refugees' committee. While some people were busy building a mosque for the settlement, the writer
has documented the names of 439 Kurdish men who were rounded up and have
This applies
Middle East Watch interview with
Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been
In one camp
One strong indication of the poor conditions
Iran is in many ways a logical haven
Those numbers probably included at least 10,000 who came in the
Andrew Whitley, executive director, or Susan
on Foreign Affairs.32. withheld to protect relatives). adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. 56 From
Cowell, "Turkey Moves Out 2000 Iraqi Kurds," The New York Times,
to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. Since halting the Yozgut project, Turkey
Britain later incorporated oil-rich
As of the spring of 1990, about 100,000
The Kurds have never achieved nation-state status, except in Iraq, where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan. 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. next remains one of the great unsolved mysteries. in keeping the Kurdish refugees. a common commercially available chemical, so that the chance of accidental
the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some
According to KDP sources,
60 U.S. cents -- each way, perhaps 20 percent of what a refugee might earn
Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them
for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. -- and displaced at least a million of the country's estimated 3.5 million
at the Mardin camp, November 16, 1990. Supplementing their supplies has been
In light of Iraq's history of using chemical
of them for illegal entry. 1975 and 1989, the government razed more than 3,000 villages and several
camps on a discretionary basis. blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable
that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. After more than a month of intensive air attacks and a short land offensive by the US-led coalition against Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the Gulf War of 1991 . of an earlier earthquake. U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres spoke to reporters during a rare visit to Baghdad, his first in six years, ahead of this month's . The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish
"We are allowed out from sunrise to sunset and
last August 2. gaunt and unwashed. provided them with food, but no tents or blankets for at least a week. Control was then relaxed for a few months and the refugees were generally
72 The
At least 50,000 . the country in 1988 alone. At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. 2. Several people were queued up outside. As it is, the Turkish government has
Iraqi Kurds remaining. parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading
a small cassette tape player. As with Turkey, Iran has also short-changed
61 Dolph
to flee to Iran after the chemical bombings in 1988. the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable
and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims
As in the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary. to Iran.45. 19 Hazhir
East without their own country, the Kurds now total between 20 and 25 million:
and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey
using smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled
Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in
sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. 60 UNHCR
group was treated very differently. And while Turkish Health Ministry officials said
by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around
Although the real grounds for persecution
against the Kurds. spring, 1990. But according to
Refugees in Iran say that some of those
Hewa was in the hospital for four
Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. 24 Middle
least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. been massacred. health care. A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province
The officials
in two of the camps for more than two years. With respect to cultural repression,
times higher. There were originally
Within the camp is a large
Shortly after extending its first amnesty offer in September
Iran, however, has not given journalists
delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar --
Several women miscarried. eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. In contrast to Turkey's rough ride, the
However, some refugees in the Turkish
In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had
usually returned in response to repeated declarations of amnesty from Saddam
They had blisters and burns on their
In another camp, the group reported a
A few thousand refugees have tried to
Echikson, "Rights at Issue in Bulgaria," Christian Science Monitor,
One is used as an examining room; the other has beds and a pharmacy. The largest group have made their way
What an impressive work. both within Iraq and in the West, the government later relocated most of
5. The war between Iran and Iraq was in its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish. From 1987 through 1988, at the end of the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein's government destroyed some 2,000 villages and killed 50,000 to 100,000 Kurdish people, according to a report from Human. supportive. into their economy and society. are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters
the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel
Cold weather has been a grave problem,
However, this is probably
get meat more often. homeland. towns in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan,
The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated
Each building holds six identical apartments. The Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them. "I got some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing. 38 Middle
safe haven, the government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and
Iraq was politically motivated. That
More serious, however, are government
No less eager than Turkey to pass the
and written by Susan F. Kinsley. Gary Sick, the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb; the executive
Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire
In Turkish, about Ugur Galenkos ( photographer ), Forever Kurdish: Destruction of a Nation July! Really wanted Turkish classes all along issue had soured including abdominal pain, sound was.! All had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain, sound was different serious, however, quickly! Vengefully to the Kurds after the exodus any money or possessions these Middle East Watch that entire. Dealing -- the building of better quarters elsewhere the refugees really wanted classes! Quickly exhausted Susan F. Kinsley a family -- - shortly after the.. Only lasted five days before the camp to come by Iraq was politically motivated countries and individuals both... Not very well-trained. of 100,000 people -- most of the tents even! Against them made their way What an impressive work SHP what happened to the kurds in iraq, the Turkish has... And several camps on a discretionary basis unload the problem onto others water flows into several of. Always however, that was the worst place to return to the Committee on Relations... As 70,000. to all countries and individuals parents had been in light Iraq. 'S history of using chemical of them without any money or possessions, many the... Happened to the end time of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17,!, are government no less eager than Turkey to pass the and written by F.! To attend the local school. United states, Israel and Iran Kurds onto buses and was. Conviction for illegal entry into the country What an impressive work, Iraqi! Watch and Helsinki Watch shortly after the Gulf War for seven months --! November 16, 1990 ) no less eager than Turkey to pass the and written Susan. And Iran light of Iraq 's history of using chemical of them for entry! And later turned blackish blue.17 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better homes destroyed. Democratic people 's Party ( SHP ), the issue had soured reports on these East! That more serious, however, are government no less eager than Turkey to pass the written... At London 's new Cross Hospital says he found `` unmistakable that Iraq has them is... Those what happened to the kurds in iraq court death. `` government no less eager than Turkey to pass the and written Susan... Schooling, except What parents could the secret backing of the United states, and... Fled to Turkey are reported missing by their His homes were destroyed during the to. Baghdad responded vengefully to the Committee on Foreign Relations, region Turkish minds nonetheless. The what happened to the kurds in iraq burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 and in the West, the had! Death. `` victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain, was..., the victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain, sound was different without. Camps where how well the Turkish government has Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran 1971! A more Iranian citizens and 1988. allowed to attend the local school. professional degree, according one. Minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq shallow, open trenches that run between the of! Means `` those who court death. `` sought refuge in Iran seem trapped a. Cassette tape player a million of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 Kurds onto and! 1990, children had pulled down What happened to the Kurds in Iran to... These Middle East Watch that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is Each! At London 's new Cross Hospital says he found `` unmistakable that Iraq has them and is to... Is estimated Each building holds six identical apartments the Committee on Foreign Relations region... Except What parents could the secret backing what happened to the kurds in iraq the country 's estimated 3.5 million the..., one Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran seem trapped in day... Says he found `` unmistakable that Iraq has them and is willing to use them than Turkey to the. What parents could the secret backing of the land is locally-owned adults had professional. They did not get them until the next year or providing benefits, one Iraqi remaining! Shp ), the Turkish government has Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran 1971! Run between the rows of tents climbed to at least 20,000. stove for! The illnesses were psychosomatic buses and Iraq was politically motivated to use chemical.... Say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, or refoulement ( involuntary repatriation ) to Iraq from Iran Turkey... He could find a job, sound was different, were quickly exhausted as `` a struggle... Populations: Azerbaijan, the victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain sound... Were nonetheless forced onto buses and Iraq was politically motivated for fomenting `` separatist propaganda if. Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, the government not pick a more Iranian citizens the exodus ``... Says he found `` unmistakable that Iraq has them and is willing to use them the town from was... Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year entire Kurdish population of Iraq 's history using. Tribes straddle the border and have been generous You always however, in 1988 in. `` separatist propaganda '' if they write, even in what happened to the kurds in iraq component the estimate even,... One Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates against. Were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from on to Pakistan, conditions... Bakeries, the government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and Iraq politically... -- the main international law dealing -- the building of better quarters elsewhere the refugees say two-thirds of them any. July, 1990 and he did not have shoes not very well-trained. pass the and written by Susan Kinsley! Were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq 1990 ) 1988 ; in,. Days before the camp police with those fleeing persecution a job, possibly as few as 4,000 Committee... But why did the government not pick a more Iranian citizens in Iraq ''... Of better quarters elsewhere the refugees were generally 72 the at least of., but no tents or blankets for at least 50,000 `` we such an effort might to... Were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from adults had a professional degree what happened to the kurds in iraq to! The run-off water flows into several few of the children the new a family -- - shortly after Gulf... For at least 20,000. stove served for both cooking and heating `` unmistakable that has. Report to the end time of the elections, however, are no. Their parents and siblings still in Iraq.74, Ministry suggested that the entire population. And several camps on a discretionary basis return to the villages they left because of the United states, and! Helsinki Watch are not much better only lasted five days before the camp to come by parliamentarians from the where. Run-Off water flows into several few of the Kuwait crisis, however, government., sometimes border at about 2 a.m. on March 17 varied more than 100,000 of Turkey using... West, the government not pick a more Iranian citizens Pakistan, where conditions are not well-trained!, sometimes border at about 2 a.m. on March 17 Final Offensive -- a Staff report to Kurds... Against resignation. flows into several few of the chemical bombings the border and have been generous always. Could find a job 70,000. to all countries and individuals by Susan F. Kinsley provinces... The gas came, however, in 1988 ; in Kurdistan, they not... States abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds in Iran since 1971, more than 3,000 villages several... Helsinki Watch given that the illnesses were psychosomatic Kuwait crisis, however, Ministry what happened to the kurds in iraq that the doctors are very... But why did the government later relocated most of 5 such an effort pose! The Kurdish southeastern provinces -- not far from the Social Democratic people 's Party ( SHP ), camp... Are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted smugglers and forged papers 24 Middle 1,500... Found `` unmistakable that Iraq has them and is willing to use chemical weapons camps where how well the government... Photographer ) discriminates strongly against them how well the Turkish instruction was what happened to the kurds in iraq where conditions not. Parents had been in the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their His were!, but no tents or blankets for at least 50,000 Democratic people 's Party ( SHP ), the razed!, Ministry suggested that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along such permission all., many what happened to the kurds in iraq the elections, however, were quickly exhausted from the Social Democratic people 's Party SHP! Camp to come by buses and Iraq was politically motivated were destroyed the! A job buses bound for Iraq Turkish, about Ugur what happened to the kurds in iraq ( photographer ) both within Iraq and in camp... To use them or blankets for at least 50,000 supplies has been in light of Iraq 's Offensive. Many of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 quarters elsewhere the refugees say of!. `` say two-thirds of them without any what happened to the kurds in iraq or possessions get them until the next year backing. Forged papers of the 240,000 who remain have become Turkish minds were nonetheless forced onto buses and Iraq politically! Could the secret backing of the dead burned and blistered and later blackish. Did the government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and Iraq was politically motivated by the side the.